if条件
then
Command
else
Command fi别忘了这个结尾 |
If语句忘了结尾fi
test.sh: line 14: syntax error:unexpected end of fi |
if 的三种条件表达式
if
command
then
if
函数
then |
命令执行成功,等于返回0 (比如grep ,找到匹配)
执行失败,返回非0 (grep,没找到匹配) |
if [ expression_r_r_r]
then |
表达式结果为真,则返回0,if把0值引向then |
if test expression_r_r_r
then |
表达式结果为假,则返回非0,if把非0值引向then |
[ ] &&——快捷if
[ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo "This computer uses shadow passwors" |
&& 可以理解为then
如果左边的表达式为真则执行右边的语句 |
shell的if与c语言if的功能上的区别
shell if |
c语言if |
0为真,走then |
正好相反,非0走then |
不支持整数变量直接if
必须:if [ i –ne 0 ]
但支持字符串变量直接if
if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 |
支持变量直接if
if (i ) |
=================================以command作为if 条件===================================
以多条command或者函数作为if 条件
echo –n “input:”
read user
if
多条指令,这些命令之间相当于“and”(与)
grep $user /etc/passwd >/tmp/null
who -u | grep $user
then上边的指令都执行成功,返回值$?为0,0为真,运行then
echo "$user has logged"
else指令执行失败,$?为1,运行else
echo "$user has not logged"
fi |
# sh test.sh
input : macg
macgpts/0May 15 15:55.2075 (192.168.1.100)
macg has logged
# sh test.sh
input : ddd
ddd has not logged |
以函数作为if条件(函数就相当于command,函数的优点是其return值可以自定义)
if
以函数作为if条件,
getyn
then函数reture值0为真,走then
echo " your answer is yes"
else函数return值非0为假,走else
echo "your anser is no"
fi |
if command等价于 command+if $?
$ vi testsh.sh
#!/bin/sh
if cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 then
echo found
else
echo "no found"
fi |
$ vi testsh.sh
#!/bin/sh
cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1
if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $?
echo found
else echo $?
echo "no found"
fi |
$ sh testsh.sh
no found |
$ sh testsh.sh
1
no found |
$ vi 111-tmp.txt
that is 222file
thisting1 is 111file
$ sh testsh.sh
thisting1 is 111file
found |
$ vi 111-tmp.txt
that is 222file
thisting1 is 111file
$ sh testsh.sh
thisting1 is 111file
0
found |
========================================以条件表达式作为 if条件=============================
传统if 从句子——以条件表达式作为 if条件
if [ 条件表达式 ]
then
command
command
command
else
command
command
fi
条件表达式
if [ -ffile ]如果文件存在
if [ -d ...]如果目录存在
if [ -s file]如果文件存在且非空
if [ -r file]如果文件存在且可读
if [ -w file] 如果文件存在且可写
if [ -x file] 如果文件存在且可执行
if [ int1 -eq int2 ]如果int1等于int2
if [ int1 -ne int2 ]如果不等于
if [ int1 -ge int2 ]如果>=
if [ int1 -gt int2 ]如果>
if [ int1 -le int2 ]如果<=
if [ int1 -lt int2 ]如果<
If[ $a = $b ]如果string1等于string2
字符串允许使用赋值号做等号
if[ $string1 !=$string2 ]如果string1不等于string2
if[ -n $string]如果string 非空(非0),返回0(true)
if[ -z $string]如果string
为空
if[ $sting ]如果string 非空,返回0 (和-n类似)
条件表达式引用变量要带$
if [ a = b ] ;then
echo equal
else
echo no equal
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
5
input b:
5 no equal(等于表达式没比较$a和$b,而是比较和a和b,自然a!=b) |
改正:
if [ $a = $b ] ;then
echo equal
else
echo no equal
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
5
input b:
5
equal |
-eq-ne-lt-nt只能用于整数,不适用于字符串,字符串等于用赋值号=
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo -n "input your choice:"
read var
if[ $var -eq "yes" ]
then
echo $var
fi
[macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh
input your choice:
y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integer expression_r_r_r expected 期望整数形式,即-eq不支持字符串 |
=放在别的地方是赋值,放在if [ ] 里就是字符串等于,shell里面没有==的,那是c语言的等于
无空格的字符串,可以加" ",也可以不加
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo "input a:"
read a
echo "input is $a"
if [ $a = 123 ] ; then
echo equal123
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
123
input is 123
equal123 |
= 作为等于时,其两边都必须加空格,否则失效
等号也是操作符,必须和其他变量,关键字,用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反,两边不能有空格)
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo "input your choice:"
read var
if [$var="yes"]
then
echo $var
echo "input is correct"
else
echo $var
echo "input error"
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo "input your choice:"
read var
if [$var = "yes"]在等号两边加空格
then
echo $var
echo "input is correct"
else
echo $var
echo "input error"
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
y
y
input is correct
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
n
n
input is correct
输错了也走then,都走then,为什么? 因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量,而此变量为空,返回1,则走else |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
y
y
input error
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
no
no
input error
一切正常 |
If[$ANS]等价于if [ -n $ANS ]
如果字符串变量非空(then) , 空(else)
echo "input your choice:"
read ANS
if [ $ANS ]
then
echo no empty
else
echo empth
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:回车
empth说明“回车”就是空串
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
34
no empty |
整数条件表达式,大于,小于,shell里没有> 和< ,会被当作尖括号,只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo "input a:"
read a
if[ $a -ge 100 ] ; then
echo 3bit
else
echo 2bit
fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
123
3bit
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
20
2bit |
整数操作符号-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 别忘了加-
iftest $age100 ; then
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
iftest $a -ge 100 ; then
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input a:
123
3bit |
============================逻辑表达式=========================================
逻辑非 !条件表达式的相反
if [ ! 表达式 ]
if [ ! -d $num ]如果不存在目录$num
逻辑与 –a条件表达式的并列
if [ 表达式1–a表达式2 ]
逻辑或 -o条件表达式的或
if [ 表达式1–o 表达式2 ]
逻辑表达式
- 表达式与前面的=!= -d –f –x -ne -eq -lt等合用
- 逻辑符号就正常的接其他表达式,没有任何括号( ),就是并列
if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]
- 注意逻辑与-a与逻辑或-o很容易和其他字符串或文件的运算符号搞混了
最常见的赋值形式,赋值前对=两边的变量都进行评测
左边测变量是否为空,右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
|
[macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh
:
echo "input the num:"
read num
echo "input is $num"
if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]如果变量$JHHOME为空,且$HOME/$num目录存在 then JHHOME=$HOME/$num则赋值
fi
echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME" |
-----------------------
[macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh
input the num:
ppp
input is ppp
JHHOME is
目录-d $HOME/$num不存在,所以$JHHOME没被then赋值 |
[macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp
[macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh
input the num:
ppp
input is ppp
JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
一个-o的例子,其中却揭示了”=”必须两边留空格的问题
echo "input your choice:"
read ANS
if [$ANS="Yes"-o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ]
then
ANS="y"
else
ANS="n"
fi
echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
n
y
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
no
y
为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then)
因为=被连读了,成了变量$ANS="Yes",而变量又为空,所以走else了 |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh
echo "input your choice:"
read ANSecho "input your choice:"
read ANS
if [$ANS = "Yes"-o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ]
then
ANS="y"
else
ANS="n"
fi
echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
no
n
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
yes
y
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh
input your choice:
y
y |
===================以test 条件表达式 作为if条件===================================
if test $num -eq 0等价于if [ $num –eq 0 ]
test表达式,没有 []
if test $num -eq 0
then
echo "try again"
else
echo "good"
fi
man test
[macg@machome ~]$ man test
[(1)User Commands[(1)
SYNOPSIS
test EXPRESSION
[ EXPRESSION ]
[-n] STRING
the length of STRING is nonzero-n和直接$str都是非0条件
-z STRING
the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2
the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2
the strings are not equal
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
FILE1 -nt FILE2
FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2
FILE1 is older than FILE2
-b FILE
FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE
FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE
FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE
FILE exists文件存在
-f FILE
FILE exists and is a regular file文件存在且是普通文件
-h FILE
FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-L FILE
FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-G FILE
FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-O FILE
FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE
FILE exists and is a named pipe
-s FILE
FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-S FILE
FILE exists and is a socket
-w FILE
FILE exists and is writable
-x FILE
FILE exists and is executable
|
======================if简化语句=================================
最常用的简化if语句
&& 如果是“前面”,则“后面”
[ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm /var/run/dhcpd.pid检查 文件是否存在,如果存在就删掉 |
||如果不是“前面”,则后面
[ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit 0检验文件是否存在,如果存在就退出 |
用简化 if 和$1,$2,$3来检测参数,不合理就调用help
[ -z "$1" ] && help如果第一个参数不存在(-z字符串长度为0 )
[ "$1" = "-h" ] && help如果第一个参数是-h,就显示help
例子
#!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
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