Construct
Matches
Characters
x |
The characterx |
\\ |
The backslash character |
\0n |
The character with octal value0n(0<=n<=7) |
\0nn |
The character with octal value0nn(0<=n<=7) |
\0mnn |
The character with octal value0mnn(0<=m<=3,
0<=n<=7) |
\xhh |
The character with hexadecimalvalue0xhh |
\uhhhh |
The character with hexadecimalvalue0xhhhh |
\t |
The tab character ('\ ') |
\n |
The newline (line feed) character ('\ ') |
\r |
The carriage-return character ('\ ') |
\f |
The form-feed character ('\ ') |
\a |
The alert (bell) character ('\') |
\e |
The escape character ('\') |
\cx |
The control character corresponding tox |
Character classes
[abc] |
a,b, orc(simple class) |
[^abc] |
Any character excepta,b, orc(negation) |
[a-zA-Z] |
athroughzorAthroughZ, inclusive (range) |
[a-d[m-p]] |
athroughd, ormthroughp:[a-dm-p](union) |
[a-z&&[def]] |
d,e, orf(intersection) |
[a-z&&[^bc]] |
athroughz, except forbandc:[ad-z](subtraction) |
[a-z&&[^m-p]] |
athroughz, and notmthroughp:[a-lq-z](subtraction) |
Predefined character classes
. |
Any character (may or may not matchline
terminators)
|
\d |
A digit:[0-9] |
\D |
A non-digit:[^0-9] |
\s |
A whitespace character:[ \t\n\x0B\f\r] |
\S |
A non-whitespace character:[^\s] |
\w |
A word character:[a-zA-Z_0-9] |
\W |
A non-word character:[^\w] |
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
\p{Lower} |
A lower-case alphabetic character:[a-z] |
\p{Upper} |
An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z] |
\p{ASCII} |
All ASCII:[\x00-\x7F] |
\p{Alpha} |
An alphabetic character:[\p{Lower}\p{Upper}] |
\p{Digit} |
A decimal digit:[0-9] |
\p{Alnum} |
An alphanumeric character:[\p{Alpha}\p{Digit}] |
\p{Punct} |
Punctuation: One of!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ |
\p{Graph} |
A visible character:[\p{Alnum}\p{Punct}] |
\p{Print} |
A printable character:[\p{Graph}] |
\p{Blank} |
A space or a tab:[ \t] |
\p{Cntrl} |
A control character:[\x00-\x1F\x7F] |
\p{XDigit} |
A hexadecimal digit:[0-9a-fA-F] |
\p{Space} |
A whitespace character:[ \t\n\x0B\f\r] |
Classes for Unicode blocks and categories
\p{InGreek} |
A character in the Greekblock (simpleblock)
|
\p{Lu} |
An uppercase letter (simplecategory)
|
\p{Sc} |
A currency symbol |
\P{InGreek} |
Any character except one in the Greek block (negation) |
[\p{L}&&[^\p{Lu}]] |
Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction) |
Boundary matchers
^ |
The beginning of a line |
$ |
The end of a line |
\b |
A word boundary |
\B |
A non-word boundary |
\A |
The beginning of the input |
\G |
The end of the previous match |
\Z |
The end of the input but for the finalterminator,
ifany
|
\z |
The end of the input |
Greedy quantifiers
X? |
X, once or not at all |
X* |
X, zero or more times |
X+ |
X, one or more times |
X{n} |
X, exactlyntimes |
X{n,} |
X, at leastntimes |
X{n,m} |
X, at leastnbut not more thanmtimes |
Reluctant quantifiers
X?? |
X, once or not at all |
X*? |
X, zero or more times |
X+? |
X, one or more times |
X{n}? |
X, exactlyntimes |
X{n,}? |
X, at leastntimes |
X{n,m}? |
X, at leastnbut not more thanmtimes |
Possessive quantifiers
X?+ |
X, once or not at all |
X*+ |
X, zero or more times |
X++ |
X, one or more times |
X{n}+ |
X, exactlyntimes |
X{n,}+ |
X, at leastntimes |
X{n,m}+ |
X, at leastnbut not more thanmtimes |
Logical operators
XY |
Xfollowed byY |
X|Y |
EitherXorY |
(X) |
X, as acapturing
group
|
Back references
\n |
Whatever thenthcapturing
groupmatched
|
Quotation
\ |
Nothing, but quotes the following character |
\Q |
Nothing, but quotes all characters until\E |
\E |
Nothing, but ends quoting started by\Q |
Special constructs (non-capturing)
(?:X) |
X, as a non-capturing group |
(?idmsux-idmsux) |
Nothing, but turns match flags on - off |
(?idmsux-idmsux:X) |
X, as anon-capturing
groupwith the given flags on - off
|
(?=X) |
X, via zero-width positive lookahead |
(?!X) |
X, via zero-width negative lookahead |
(?<=X) |
X, via zero-width positive lookbehind |
(?<!X) |
X, via zero-width negative lookbehind |
(?>X) |
X, as an independent, non-capturing group |
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